pulmonary arterial hypertension uptodate

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare yet severe condition affecting the pulmonary vasculature, causing elevated pressure within the pulmonary vessels and consequently increasing the strain on the heart. Untreated, PAH can progress to heart failure or even lead to death. Symptoms of PAH include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and fainting, which may progressively deteriorate.

The etiology of PAH is multifaceted, encompassing genetic predispositions, autoimmune diseases, and exposure to certain medications and toxins that could trigger the disease. Furthermore, conditions such as heart disease, lung disorders, and sleep apnea can also heighten the risk of developing PAH. Diagnosis typically involves a battery of tests, including electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, pulmonary function tests, and right heart catheterizations.

Individuals with PAH should avoid strenuous physical activities and high-altitude settings to lessen the load on their hearts. Additionally, adhering to a healthy diet and engaging in moderate exercise can aid in symptom management. In terms of pharmacological treatment, strict compliance with medical prescriptions is crucial; self-adjustment of medication dosages or discontinuation is not advised. Should new symptoms emerge or the condition escalate, immediate medical consultation is imperative.