sex and hypertension

The relationship between gender and hypertension is often nuanced, with women and men experiencing varying risks of hypertension throughout their lives.

Prior to menopause, women typically have a lower prevalence of hypertension compared to their male counterparts. This may be attributed to the higher levels of estrogen in women, which is believed to confer protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, as women age, particularly post-menopause, their risk of hypertension escalates significantly due to the decline in estrogen levels and a more pronounced trend of increasing blood pressure. In contrast, men tend to have a higher incidence of hypertension at a younger age, potentially linked to lifestyle factors, genetic predispositions, and the influence of androgens. Androgens may stimulate the renin-angiotensin system, contributing to elevated blood pressure.

For both genders, adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial in managing hypertension, including maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, sustaining a healthy weight, moderating alcohol consumption, and abstaining from smoking. Moreover, regular monitoring of blood pressure and adhering to medical advice are essential for hypertension management. In cases of diagnosed hypertension, it is imperative to use antihypertensive medications under a physician's supervision and not to alter the dosage or discontinue the medication without professional guidance.