hypertension and orthostatic hypotension

Hypertension and orthostatic hypotension are two prevalent conditions affecting blood pressure. Hypertension, characterized by persistently high blood pressure, can elevate the risk of heart disease and stroke. Orthostatic hypotension is a condition where blood pressure drops upon standing from a seated or lying position, potentially causing symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, and even fainting.

Hypertension often lacks distinct symptoms but can be monitored through regular blood pressure checks. The normal range for blood pressure is a systolic pressure below 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. A diagnosis of hypertension is typically made when multiple readings exceed these values. Treatment approaches for hypertension include lifestyle modifications—like adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, quitting smoking, and moderating alcohol intake—as well as the use of antihypertensive drugs under a physician's supervision.

Orthostatic hypotension may manifest with symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or blurred vision when rising quickly from a seated or reclined position. This blood pressure decrease is usually transient, but if symptoms are severe or recurrent, medical consultation is advised. Preventive measures for orthostatic hypotension include gradually changing positions, ensuring adequate hydration, avoiding prolonged immobility in one position, and adjusting medication dosage under medical guidance.

For both hypertension and orthostatic hypotension, it is crucial to monitor blood pressure fluctuations in daily life and adhere to the treatment recommendations provided by a healthcare professional. Should any concerns or symptom exacerbations arise, immediate medical attention is necessary. When taking medications, strict adherence to medical instructions is imperative to avoid self-medication without proper guidance.