quizlet hypertension

Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, is a prevalent chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated pressure within the blood vessels, exceeding the normal range. Despite often being asymptomatic, unmanaged hypertension can lead to severe health issues including heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke.

Diagnosis of hypertension is primarily based on blood pressure readings. For adults, normal blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure below 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. Hypertension is diagnosed when systolic pressure is 140 mmHg or higher, or diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg or higher. The condition is categorized into primary and secondary hypertension; primary being the most frequent, with potential causes ranging from genetic factors to dietary habits, body weight, and physical activity levels. Secondary hypertension results from other underlying diseases or medications, such as renal disorders and endocrine imbalances.

Individuals with hypertension should focus on a low-sodium diet, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and abstaining from smoking and limiting alcohol intake to help manage their blood pressure. Moreover, under a physician's supervision, hypertensive patients should take antihypertensive medications and monitor their blood pressure regularly to keep it within a healthy range. Immediate medical consultation is advised if blood pressure control is inadequate or if symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, or chest pain arise.