how does hypertension cause kidney disease

Hypertension can result in kidney disease primarily by damaging the delicate blood vessels within the kidneys and impairing their filtration capabilities. Prolonged hypertension causes the small arteries in the kidneys to constrict and become hardened, which reduces blood flow and oxygen supply to the kidneys, leading to further kidney cell damage. Moreover, hypertension may also increase the workload on the kidneys, as they need to excrete more water and salt to maintain normal blood pressure levels, potentially causing the kidneys to overwork and become progressively damaged.

Specifically, the effects of hypertension on the kidneys can be categorized into several stages. Initially, the kidneys may attempt to lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels, but this mechanism becomes less effective over time with persistent hypertension. As the disease advances, damage to the small arteries of the kidneys leads to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, meaning the kidneys' ability to filter waste from the blood is diminished. If hypertension remains uncontrolled, it may ultimately result in chronic kidney disease or even renal failure.

Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with hypertension to regularly monitor their blood pressure and adhere to their doctor's recommendations. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and abstaining from smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, can help reduce the risk of kidney damage due to hypertension. If any symptoms of kidney disease arise, such as a decrease in urine output, changes in urine color, or edema, one should seek medical attention promptly. During treatment, patients should follow their doctor's instructions regarding medication and avoid adjusting dosages or discontinuing medication without guidance.