why does sleep apnea cause hypertension

The mechanisms by which sleep apnea can result in hypertension are complex and multifactorial. This sleep disorder induces recurrent episodes of nocturnal hypoxia, which in turn triggers the body's stress response mechanisms and places additional strain on the cardiovascular system.

Firstly, the frequent arousals associated with sleep apnea disrupt the normal architecture of sleep, reducing the amount of deep sleep, a factor that correlates with elevated blood pressure. Secondly, the hypoxic state stimulates the secretion of stress hormones such as adrenaline, which can lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure. Over time, chronic nighttime hypoxia may also impair the function of the vascular endothelium, diminishing the blood vessels' ability to dilate and constrict, thus contributing to the progression of hypertension. Furthermore, sleep apnea can disrupt the balance of the autonomic nervous system, resulting in heightened sympathetic nervous system activity, which is a significant contributor to high blood pressure.

Consequently, individuals diagnosed with sleep apnea are advised to seek medical attention promptly and follow appropriate treatment protocols under a physician's supervision, such as utilizing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices to enhance sleep quality. Additionally, adopting lifestyle modifications, including maintaining a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity, can help mitigate the risk of developing hypertension.