hypertensive vasculopathy

Hypertensive vascular disease, resulting from chronic hypertension, is characterized by the thickening and hardening of blood vessel walls, potentially impacting the entire vascular system, including arteries supplying critical organs like the heart, brain, and kidneys.

Initially, this condition often affects smaller arteries, whose inner lining, or intima, may become damaged due to sustained high blood pressure. Over time, the damaged intima thickens, leading to fibrosis and calcification, which reduces the elasticity of the blood vessels and narrows their lumen. Cardiac-wise, stenosis of the coronary arteries can cause myocardial ischemia, potentially leading to angina or myocardial infarction in severe cases. Cerebrally, arterial changes can lead to cerebral ischemia, increasing the risk of stroke. Renally, renal artery stenosis can impair kidney function, possibly resulting in renal failure. Moreover, hypertensive vascular disease can also impact the retinal arteries, causing a decline in vision.

Patients with hypertensive vascular disease should manage their blood pressure and maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and moderate alcohol intake. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and organ function is essential for early detection and management of potential complications. Medication for blood pressure control should be taken under a physician's supervision, avoiding self-adjustment of dosages or discontinuation. Immediate medical attention is crucial at the onset of symptoms such as chest pain, headache, or blurred vision to prevent disease progression.