hypertension latest guidelines

The most recent hypertension guidelines define normal blood pressure levels for adults as a systolic pressure below 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. Blood pressure readings between 120 and 129 mmHg systolic and below 80 mmHg diastolic are classified as elevated normal. Prehypertension is indicated by systolic pressures ranging from 130 to 139 mmHg or diastolic pressures from 80 to 89 mmHg. Hypertension is diagnosed when systolic pressure is 140 mmHg or higher and/or diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg or higher.

For individuals with hypertension, therapeutic lifestyle changes form the cornerstone of treatment. This includes adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, managing weight, moderating alcohol consumption, and abstaining from smoking. Patients whose blood pressure remains above target levels despite lifestyle modifications may require pharmacological intervention. In selecting medication, it is essential to consider the patient's unique characteristics, such as age, comorbidities, and the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Common first-line antihypertensive medications include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. In certain scenarios, a combination of multiple drugs may be necessary to achieve blood pressure control.

Regular blood pressure monitoring and adherence to medical advice are vital for individuals with hypertension. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is also crucial for managing blood pressure. Should blood pressure remain uncontrolled or if any distressing symptoms arise, immediate medical consultation is advised, and treatment adjustments should be made under a physician's guidance. It is imperative not to alter medication dosages or discontinue medication without professional advice to prevent the health risks associated with blood pressure fluctuations.