how does hypertension damage kidneys

The damage caused by hypertension to the kidneys typically presents as a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and the onset of proteinuria. As hypertension worsens, it can lead to renal failure.

Initially, hypertension raises the pressure within the renal arterioles, causing the vessel walls to thicken and harden. This reduction in effective blood flow to the kidneys not only diminishes the glomerular filtration rate but can also result in damage and fibrosis of the glomeruli.

Subsequently, the vascular damage from hypertension allows proteins to leak from the compromised glomeruli into the urine, leading to proteinuria. Persistent proteinuria can further harm the kidneys, creating a detrimental cycle. Additionally, hypertension may induce ischemic changes in the kidneys, aggravating the damage.

If blood pressure remains uncontrolled over time, it can progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating dialysis or kidney transplantation for life sustenance.

For individuals with hypertension, regular monitoring of blood pressure and kidney function is crucial. Any detected abnormalities in blood pressure or kidney function should prompt immediate medical consultation and treatment under a physician's guidance, avoiding self-medication. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and moderate alcohol intake, can also contribute to blood pressure control and kidney health preservation.