hypertension fundoscopy

Hypertensive retinopathy typically presents as alterations in the retinal vasculature, varying from mild arteriosclerosis to severe retinal hemorrhages and edema.

In its early stages, patients may experience hardening of the retinal arteries, indicated by thickening of the vessel walls and a reduction in the vessel lumen. As blood pressure continues to rise, dilation of the retinal veins may occur, potentially leading to retinal hemorrhages that appear as flame-shaped or cotton-wool spots. In more advanced cases, retinal and optic disc edema may develop, significantly impairing vision. Additionally, retinal hardening, characterized by white spots in the deep retinal layers, may emerge as a consequence of chronic hypertension.

Hence, it is crucial for individuals with hypertension to undergo regular eye examinations to detect and treat any potential retinopathy promptly. Controlling blood pressure and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and abstaining from smoking, are essential in preventing and mitigating the progression of hypertensive retinopathy. With a physician's guidance, hypertension can be effectively managed through medication and lifestyle modifications, thereby reducing the risk of severe retinopathy.