infographic hypertension

Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, is a prevalent chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated pressure within the blood vessels, exceeding the normal range. Blood pressure is typically denoted by two numerical values, such as 120/80 millimeters of mercury (mmHg), with the higher value indicating systolic pressure—the pressure when the heart contracts—and the lower value indicating diastolic pressure—the pressure when the heart relaxes. The diagnostic thresholds for hypertension are generally a systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher.

Hypertension often lacks noticeable symptoms, earning it the moniker 'silent killer.' However, unmanaged hypertension over time can heighten the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal disease, and other health issues. The etiology of hypertension is multifactorial, encompassing genetic predispositions, poor lifestyle choices (like a high-salt diet, sedentary behavior, smoking, and heavy drinking), obesity, advancing age, ethnic and racial factors, and certain medical conditions (including diabetes and kidney diseases).

To prevent and manage hypertension, individuals should embrace a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, moderating salt and alcohol consumption, abstaining from smoking, and monitoring blood pressure regularly. Should lifestyle modifications prove insufficient for controlling blood pressure, physicians may recommend antihypertensive medications. It is crucial that any medication regimen be conducted under a doctor's supervision, and patients should not initiate or discontinue any medication without professional guidance.