how does atherosclerosis cause hypertension

Atherosclerosis can result in hypertension due to the thickening and hardening of blood vessel walls during the disease process, which diminishes their elasticity and increases the resistance against which the heart must pump blood throughout the body.

The progression from atherosclerosis to hypertension can be broken down into several stages. Initially, in the early phases of atherosclerosis, damage to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels impairs their ability to regulate dilation and constriction. This inability to adjust the vessel diameter in response to pressure changes increases vascular resistance. As atherosclerosis advances, the walls of the blood vessels lose further elasticity and become more rigid. This increased stiffness not only reduces vascular compliance but also necessitates greater force from the heart to propel blood during each contraction, contributing to elevated blood pressure. Moreover, atherosclerosis can lead to the formation of plaques within the blood vessels, which may partially obstruct them and further augment vascular resistance, driving blood pressure higher.

For individuals with atherosclerosis, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, smoking cessation, and moderate alcohol intake, to mitigate the progression of atherosclerosis. Additionally, regular blood pressure monitoring is essential. Should abnormal blood pressure be detected, it is imperative to seek medical advice promptly and to follow prescribed treatment protocols under a physician's guidance to prevent the indiscriminate use of medication.