last stages of pulmonary hypertension

In the later stages of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), patients may experience a range of severe symptoms and complications that significantly impact their quality of life and life expectancy. Common symptoms include progressively worsening shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, fainting, and lower limb edema. As the disease advances, individuals may develop heart failure, potentially culminating in right-sided heart failure.

Upon closer examination, it becomes evident that with elevated pulmonary artery pressures, the heart must exert more effort to circulate blood through the lungs, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and, subsequently, right heart failure. In the later stages, patients may suffer from persistent shortness of breath, even when at rest. Furthermore, the heart's reduced efficiency in pumping blood to the lungs can result in chest pain and fainting episodes. Lower limb edema is also prevalent, stemming from systemic venous congestion.

For individuals with PAH, it is crucial to avoid strenuous physical activity and excessive fatigue in daily life, maintain a healthy diet, and regularly monitor blood pressure and heart rate. Compliance with medical advice, timely medication, and periodic follow-ups are essential. Should symptoms such as increased shortness of breath, chest pain, or other severe manifestations arise, immediate medical consultation is advised.