icd codes hypertension

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition typically defined by persistently high blood pressure. According to World Health Organization guidelines, the normal blood pressure range for adults is a systolic pressure below 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. Hypertension is diagnosed when systolic pressure is 140 mmHg or higher and/or diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg or higher.

Hypertension is categorized into primary and secondary forms. Primary hypertension, also referred to as essential hypertension, constitutes over 90% of hypertension cases, with its etiology being unclear and potentially linked to genetics, environment, and lifestyle factors. Secondary hypertension results from other diseases or conditions, such as renal, endocrine, or cardiovascular disorders. Management of primary hypertension primarily involves lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions, whereas secondary hypertension requires targeted treatment of the underlying cause.

For individuals with hypertension, it is crucial to adopt a low-sodium diet, engage in regular physical activity, maintain a healthy weight, and abstain from smoking and limit alcohol intake to lower blood pressure and minimize the risk of complications. Regular blood pressure monitoring and adherence to prescribed medication regimens are essential; self-discontinuation or dosage adjustment is not advised. Immediate medical attention is warranted if symptoms like headaches, dizziness, or palpitations arise.