hypertension ppt

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition that, if blood pressure remains elevated, can adversely affect cardiac and renal functions. The normal range for blood pressure is a systolic of 90 to 139 mmHg and a diastolic of 60 to 89 mmHg. Hypertension is diagnosed when systolic pressure surpasses 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure exceeds 90 mmHg.

The etiology of hypertension is multifaceted, with both minor lifestyle factors and significant genetic components contributing to increased blood pressure. Poor lifestyle habits, including a diet high in sodium, sedentary behavior, excessive alcohol intake, and smoking, are the most frequent culprits. Moreover, excess weight and obesity can impose additional strain on the heart, precipitating hypertension. Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, renal disorders, and sleep apnea, are also implicated in elevated blood pressure. Genetic predisposition plays a role as well, with individuals having a family history of hypertension being at an increased risk.

For individuals with hypertension, it is crucial to adhere to a low-sodium diet, engage in regular physical activity, abstain from smoking and limit alcohol consumption, and maintain a healthy weight. Regular blood pressure monitoring and strict adherence to prescribed medication regimens are essential, avoiding any self-adjustment of medication dosages. Should symptoms like dizziness, headaches, or palpitations arise, immediate medical consultation is advised to prevent any delay in treatment.