cirrhosis and pulmonary hypertension

Cirrhosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are two severe chronic conditions that are interconnected. Cirrhosis can lead to increased portal pressure, which may subsequently impact the function of the heart and lungs, raising the risk of developing PAH. Cirrhosis is characterized by the progressive replacement of liver tissue with fibrosis and nodules, resulting in liver dysfunction. As the disease advances, portal hypertension can develop, potentially causing an increased cardiac workload and affecting pulmonary vasculature, which may result in elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and PAH. PAH is marked by a persistent increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, which can strain the right ventricle and may ultimately lead to right heart failure. PAH associated with cirrhosis is known as hepatopulmonary syndrome, a relatively rare but serious complication. Affected individuals may exhibit symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and syncope, with severe cases posing a threat to life. For those with both cirrhosis and PAH, it is crucial to manage the disease progression in daily life by avoiding overexertion and emotional stress, and by maintaining healthy lifestyle habits. Regular medical check-ups are essential to closely monitor disease changes and to adjust treatment plans accordingly. Patients should take medication responsibly under a physician's guidance, refraining from adjusting dosages or discontinuing medication without professional advice. In the event of disease exacerbation or new discomfort symptoms, immediate medical attention and consultation with a specialist are advised.