pathophysiology of hypertension pdf

The pathophysiology of hypertension encompasses a variety of mechanisms, typically involving increased vascular resistance and elevated blood volume. These alterations can stem from a multitude of factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices.

Firstly, increased vascular resistance is a significant contributor to hypertension. This may arise from structural alterations in the blood vessel walls, such as arteriosclerosis, or from vasoconstriction induced by substances like angiotensin II. Secondly, an increase in blood volume can also contribute to higher blood pressure, potentially due to renal dysfunction leading to the retention of water and sodium ions within the body, or as a result of excessive salt intake. Additionally, less common causes, such as endocrine system abnormalities, can also precipitate hypertension.

In daily life, it is important to manage hypertension by adhering to a low-salt diet, engaging in moderate physical activity, and maintaining a positive mental state. Furthermore, for individuals with diagnosed hypertension, it is crucial to follow a prescribed medication regimen under medical supervision, avoiding the indiscriminate cessation or alteration of medications. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and timely adjustments to treatment plans are essential to keep blood pressure within a healthy range.