how does hypertension cause stroke

Hypertension can lead to stroke, often due to the chronic stress on blood vessels from sustained high blood pressure, which results in vascular damage.

Initially, hypertension subjects the walls of blood vessels to increased stress, potentially causing them to thicken and harden over time—a condition known as arteriosclerosis. This not only diminishes the vessels' elasticity but also narrows their lumen, increasing the resistance to blood flow. Furthermore, damaged vessel walls are more susceptible to the accumulation of fats and other substances, leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques can rupture or obstruct blood vessels, causing a cessation of blood flow. Additionally, hypertension may precipitate the development of microaneurysms, which are abnormal dilations of blood vessels. Should an aneurysm rupture, it can result in a hemorrhagic stroke. Lastly, hypertension can also lead to cardiac enlargement and myocardial hypertrophy, impairing the heart's ability to pump blood effectively and increasing the risk of arrhythmias. This, in turn, can lead to the formation of blood clots in the heart that may travel to the brain, causing an ischemic stroke.

Hence, individuals with hypertension should focus on blood pressure control in their daily lives, adhere to a healthy lifestyle including a balanced diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and moderate alcohol consumption. They should also take antihypertensive medications as prescribed by a physician and monitor their blood pressure regularly to mitigate the risk of stroke. Should symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, or slurred speech arise, they should seek medical attention immediately.