end-stage pulmonary hypertension

End-stage pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a grave pulmonary vascular disorder characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain, which can escalate to heart failure in severe cases. Treatment options for end-stage PAH encompass pharmacotherapy, oxygen therapy, and lung transplantation, yet these interventions are not curative; they aim to palliate symptoms and slow disease progression.

The etiology of end-stage PAH is intricate and multifactorial, with common causes including congenital heart diseases, autoimmune disorders, and exposure to medications or toxins. Less frequent causes may involve genetic predispositions and pulmonary infections. These factors can lead to elevated pulmonary artery pressures, increasing cardiac strain and potentially culminating in heart failure.

Patients with end-stage PAH should avoid strenuous physical activity and excessive fatigue in their daily lives, maintain a positive mental attitude, adhere to a healthy diet, and regularly monitor their blood pressure and heart rate. It is imperative that they follow a medication regimen under the supervision of a healthcare provider and not self-administer medications without guidance. In the event of exacerbating symptoms such as increased shortness of breath or chest pain, immediate medical attention is crucial.