hypertension uptodate

Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, is characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels. Individuals with hypertension often require extended or lifelong treatment to manage their condition and prevent complications. It is crucial for these patients to be aware of their blood pressure status and to take appropriate actions.

Treatment for hypertension encompasses lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Lifestyle changes include quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing psychological stress. These measures can help lower blood pressure and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, lifestyle changes alone are typically insufficient to fully control blood pressure, necessitating the use of antihypertensive medications for most patients. Common classes of antihypertensive drugs include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. The choice of medication should be tailored to the individual patient's circumstances and guided by a physician's recommendations.

Beyond lifestyle and pharmacological adjustments, individuals with hypertension must regularly monitor their blood pressure and maintain close communication with their healthcare providers. Timely medical consultation is essential if blood pressure is poorly controlled or additional symptoms arise. Patients should also avoid factors that may contribute to increased blood pressure, such as excessive fatigue, emotional stress, and exposure to cold temperatures. In conclusion, hypertension is a chronic condition that necessitates ongoing management. Patients, under the guidance of a physician, must implement a comprehensive approach to blood pressure control to mitigate the risks associated with cardiovascular diseases.