clinical guidelines for hypertension

Hypertension clinical guidelines specify that a sustained blood pressure at or above 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) is diagnostic of hypertension. Typically, individuals with hypertension may not exhibit overt symptoms; however, uncontrolled hypertension over time can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Hypertension is categorized into stages for detailed analysis. Stage 1 hypertension is characterized by a systolic blood pressure between 140 and 159 mmHg, inclusive, or a diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 99 mmHg, inclusive. Patients in this stage are often counseled to modify their lifestyle, including improving dietary habits, increasing physical activity, and managing stress levels. Stage 2 hypertension is more severe, with systolic pressures at or above 160 mmHg and diastolic pressures at or above 100 mmHg. In this stage, in addition to lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions may be necessary to manage blood pressure effectively. It is important to recognize that certain patient populations, such as the elderly or those with diabetes, may have different target blood pressure goals.

For individuals with hypertension, daily practices should include a low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, abstaining from smoking, moderating alcohol intake, and regularly monitoring blood pressure. If blood pressure remains elevated or is accompanied by additional symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly and to adjust treatment plans under a physician's supervision without discontinuing medication or altering dosages without professional guidance.