why does hypertension cause stroke

Hypertension can precipitate stroke due to its impact on increasing the heart's workload, causing vascular damage and arterial stiffening, which in turn affects cerebral blood flow.

Initially, hypertension compels the heart to pump blood with greater force, which over the long term can result in left ventricular hypertrophy and consequently impair heart function. Additionally, hypertension injures the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, causing them to become rigid and lose their elasticity—a condition referred to as arteriosclerosis. When this damage occurs in the brain's smaller arteries, it may lead to the formation of tiny aneurysms. These aneurysms are susceptible to rupture under sudden spikes in blood pressure, potentially causing a hemorrhagic stroke. Furthermore, hypertension can also expedite the progression of atherosclerosis, narrowing the arterial lumen and obstructing blood flow, which could result in an ischemic stroke.

Hence, for individuals with hypertension, managing blood pressure is crucial. This encompasses not only pharmacological interventions but also lifestyle modifications such as a balanced diet, regular physical activity, cessation of smoking, and moderation in alcohol consumption. Regular blood pressure monitoring and adherence to medical advice for adjusting treatment plans can significantly reduce the risk of stroke.