hypertension wikem

Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, refers to the sustained elevation of blood pressure within the arteries above the normal range. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is categorized into systolic and diastolic components. Systolic pressure is the peak pressure exerted during the contraction of the heart, while diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure when the heart is at rest. The normative blood pressure for adults is typically defined as a systolic pressure below 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg.

Hypertension has a variety of etiologies, broadly classified into primary (essential) and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension's exact causes remain unclear but are associated with factors such as genetics, dietary habits, and lifestyle. Secondary hypertension stems from other underlying conditions, including kidney and endocrine disorders. Often asymptomatic, hypertension is dubbed the 'silent killer' and can lead to severe complications like heart disease, stroke, and renal failure if left untreated.

For individuals with hypertension, lifestyle modifications such as a low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and abstaining from smoking and limiting alcohol consumption are crucial for blood pressure control. Regular blood pressure monitoring and adherence to prescribed medication regimens are essential. It is imperative not to alter medication dosages or discontinue medication without medical guidance to prevent blood pressure fluctuations that could worsen the condition. Should any discomfort arise, prompt medical consultation is advised.