uptodate hypertension

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition, often defined by persistently high blood pressure. For individuals with hypertension, it is essential to monitor their blood pressure regularly and follow their physician's therapeutic recommendations.

The diagnosis of hypertension primarily relies on blood pressure readings. Normal blood pressure is categorized as a systolic pressure below 120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. A systolic pressure between 120 and 129 mmHg with a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg is considered elevated. Hypertension is diagnosed when systolic pressure reaches or exceeds 130 mmHg, or diastolic pressure reaches or exceeds 80 mmHg. It is important to note that a diagnosis of hypertension should be based on multiple blood pressure measurements taken at different times to ensure accuracy.

Treatment strategies for hypertension typically involve lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Lifestyle adjustments may include weight reduction, increased physical activity, sodium restriction, potassium supplementation, limiting alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking. These changes can help lower blood pressure and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, physicians may prescribe antihypertensive medications for certain patients to manage their blood pressure. However, medication selection should be tailored to individual differences and the presence of comorbidities, so patients should use medications under a doctor's supervision and avoid self-medicating.

For individuals with hypertension, regular blood pressure monitoring, adherence to medical advice, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are vital. Patients should also recognize that hypertension is a chronic condition requiring ongoing management and should maintain close communication with their healthcare providers to adjust treatment plans as needed.