hypertension aafp

Hypertension, a prevalent chronic condition, is characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure, which can lead to damage in the heart, brain, kidneys, and other vital organs. Early diagnosis and management of hypertension are essential to prevent complications.

Hypertension diagnosis is primarily based on blood pressure readings. Normal blood pressure is classified as a systolic pressure below 120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. A systolic pressure between 120 and 129 mmHg with a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg is considered elevated. Hypertension is diagnosed when systolic pressure is 130 mmHg or higher, or diastolic pressure is 80 mmHg or higher. Hypertension is categorized into stage 1 (systolic 130-139 mmHg or diastolic 80-89 mmHg) and stage 2 (systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg).

For individuals with hypertension, lifestyle modifications such as a low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption are advised. Regular blood pressure monitoring and medication under a physician's supervision are also crucial. It is imperative not to alter medication dosages or discontinue medication without medical advice to prevent blood pressure fluctuations and potential worsening of the condition.