atherosclerosis probably contributes to hypertension by

Atherosclerosis can contribute to hypertension through several pathways. Typically, this involves thickening and hardening of the arterial walls, which reduces their elasticity and diameter, thereby increasing resistance to blood flow.

Firstly, as atherosclerosis advances, plaque formation on the inner lining of the arteries can cause narrowing of the arterial lumen. This increases the resistance the heart encounters when pumping blood throughout the body, leading to elevated blood pressure. Secondly, atherosclerosis may also reduce vascular compliance, meaning the arteries' ability to respond to blood pressure changes is diminished. This impairs the mechanisms that regulate blood pressure, further contributing to the progression of hypertension. Additionally, atherosclerosis can impact kidney function, as kidneys play a crucial role in controlling blood pressure by managing fluid and electrolyte balance. Renal artery atherosclerosis may lead the kidneys to incorrectly perceive a state of low blood volume, thereby triggering a series of pressor mechanisms. This includes the release of renin, which promotes the production of angiotensin and aldosterone, substances that can raise blood pressure.

Thus, for individuals with or at risk for atherosclerosis and hypertension, regular blood pressure monitoring and adherence to medical advice are essential. In terms of lifestyle, maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in moderate physical activity, abstaining from smoking, moderating alcohol intake, and managing body weight can all aid in controlling blood pressure and slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. Regarding pharmacological treatment, patients should use antihypertensive medications under a physician's guidance, without self-adjusting dosages or discontinuing medication, to ensure effective blood pressure management.