jnc criteria for hypertension

According to the American JNC (Joint National Committee) guidelines, the diagnosis of hypertension is categorized into four levels: normal blood pressure, elevated blood pressure (prehypertension), stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension, with measurements taken in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Normal blood pressure is characterized by a systolic pressure below 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg, where the risk of cardiovascular events is comparatively low. Elevated blood pressure, or prehypertension, is indicated when systolic pressure ranges from 120 to 129 mmHg and diastolic pressure is below 80 mmHg; here, the risk of cardiovascular disease starts to rise, but immediate pharmacological treatment is typically not necessary, and lifestyle adjustments can be sufficient for management. Stage 1 hypertension is defined by a systolic pressure between 130 and 139 mmHg or a diastolic pressure between 80 and 89 mmHg, a stage that may warrant a combination of lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk. Stage 2 hypertension is identified by a systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher, marking a more severe phase of hypertension that generally necessitates pharmacological treatment and vigilant monitoring of blood pressure changes.

For individuals diagnosed with hypertension, it is crucial to adhere to a low-sodium diet, engage in regular physical activity, maintain a healthy weight, abstain from smoking, and limit alcohol consumption as part of their daily routine. These practices are instrumental in managing blood pressure. Additionally, regular blood pressure monitoring and the judicious use of antihypertensive medications under a physician's supervision are essential to prevent blood pressure fluctuations and the heightened risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular incidents that can result from improper medication management.