portal hypertension caput medusae

The varicose veins resulting from portal hypertension typically present as abdominal varices and can lead to severe complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding.

Portal hypertension arises due to obstruction in the blood flow through the portal vein, which is the primary vessel responsible for carrying blood from the intestine to the liver. When this blood flow is impeded, blood seeks alternative routes to return, causing varicose veins in the abdomen that resemble the head of a snake. These varices not only affect aesthetics but can also result in serious complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding. The etiology of portal hypertension is diverse, with liver cirrhosis being the most frequent cause, followed by conditions like portal vein thrombosis and congenital portal vein anomalies. Treatment for portal hypertension often involves a comprehensive consideration of the underlying cause and the severity of the condition, employing various therapeutic strategies such as pharmacological and surgical interventions.

Patients with portal hypertension should avoid strenuous physical activity and excessive strain in their daily lives to minimize the risk of abdominal varices. Regular check-ups are essential to closely monitor any changes in their condition. Should symptoms such as abdominal pain, hematemesis, or melena occur, they should seek medical attention immediately. Throughout the treatment process, it is crucial to adhere strictly to the prescribed medication regimen and not to self-administer medications without guidance, to prevent exacerbation of the condition.