classification of pulmonary hypertension severity

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe condition categorized into distinct levels based on the severity of the disease. These levels, ranging from mild to severe, indicate the gravity of a patient’s condition and the urgency for treatment.

The first and mildest level is known as Grade 1, or mild pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here, a patient’s resting pulmonary artery pressure might be slightly elevated, but remains within normal limits during activity. Individuals at this stage may be asymptomatic or experience mild shortness of breath and fatigue. Grade 2 follows, indicating moderate pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this stage, resting pulmonary artery pressure is significantly higher, and the pressure increases further with activity. Patients may exhibit more pronounced symptoms such as difficulty breathing, fatigue, chest pain, and fainting.

Grade 3 denotes severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, where resting pulmonary artery pressure is very high, and there is a sharp rise in pressure during activity. Symptoms at this level can include severe shortness of breath, persistent chest pain, lower limb edema, and hepatomegaly. The final and most critical level, Grade 4, represents the most severe form of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this stage, resting pulmonary artery pressure is extremely high, and there is an extreme increase in pressure with activity. Patients may present with life-threatening symptoms such as heart failure, coma, and shock.

For individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension, it is crucial to manage blood pressure, maintain a balanced diet, and engage in regular, moderate exercise. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and conducting necessary medical examinations are also imperative. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience any discomfort and follow treatment under a physician’s guidance. Medication should be taken strictly as prescribed by the doctor, without self-medicating blindly.