acute kidney injury and hypertension

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and hypertension are conditions that are closely linked. Typically, hypertension can lead to kidney damage, and AKI may also result in elevated blood pressure. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of both conditions are crucial to prevent the progression of the disease.

The primary effect of hypertension on the kidneys is that the sustained high pressure can damage the renal arterioles and capillaries, which in turn affects the glomerular filtration rate. This can ultimately lead to chronic kidney disease or even end-stage renal disease. In the case of AKI, the sudden decrease in the kidney's filtration capacity prevents the effective removal of water and salt from the body, causing an increase in blood volume and, consequently, a rise in blood pressure. Moreover, AKI can also trigger the renin-angiotensin system, which can further worsen hypertension.

Hence, for patients with hypertension, it is essential to have regular assessments of kidney function to detect and treat any potential kidney damage at an early stage. For patients with AKI, controlling blood pressure is a vital component of treatment, which helps to alleviate the burden on the kidneys and facilitate the recovery of kidney function. During treatment, patients should adjust their diet sensibly under medical supervision, restrict their intake of salt and water, and adhere to the prescribed medication regimen as advised by their healthcare provider, avoiding any self-directed changes to dosage or discontinuation of medication.