how can hypertension damage the glomerular capillaries

Hypertension has the potential to damage the glomerular capillaries, resulting in a range of renal dysfunctions. This damage typically presents as a decline in glomerular filtration rate and an increase in proteinuria, with severe cases potentially leading to renal failure.

Initially, hypertension raises the pressure inside the glomerulus, placing additional strain on the capillary walls. Sustained high pressure can cause the vessel walls to thicken and harden, reducing the glomerulus's filtering capacity. Furthermore, hypertension may alter the permeability of the glomerular capillaries, allowing proteins and other large molecules, which should not normally pass through, to enter the urine, resulting in proteinuria. Additionally, hypertension can lead to ischemia of the glomerulus, exacerbating kidney damage.

Hence, for individuals with hypertension, it is crucial to monitor blood pressure regularly, maintain a balanced diet, engage in moderate physical activity, and adhere to prescribed medication regimens. Should signs of kidney function abnormalities emerge, such as reduced urine output or darkened urine color, immediate medical consultation and professional treatment are essential. Self-medication should be avoided to prevent the condition from worsening.