references for hypertension

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition characterized by sustained blood pressure levels above the normal range, specifically a systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. Diagnosis is based on multiple blood pressure readings, along with an assessment of the patient's clinical symptoms and physical signs.

Treatment for hypertension encompasses lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Lifestyle adjustments include adopting a healthy diet with reduced sodium and fat intake, increasing consumption of vegetables and fruits; engaging in regular physical activity, such as at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise; abstaining from smoking and limiting alcohol intake; maintaining a healthy weight; and managing stress. Medication is prescribed under a physician's guidance, tailored to the individual's needs, with regular monitoring of blood pressure and potential side effects.

Hypertension patients should also be mindful of daily life factors, such as avoiding emotional stress, excessive fatigue, and ensuring adequate sleep quality. Regular follow-ups are essential for timely adjustments to the treatment plan. Patients must adhere to the prescribed medication regimen and avoid self-adjusting dosages or discontinuing medication without consulting their healthcare provider to prevent therapeutic inefficacy or adverse effects.