pulmonary arterial hypertension radiology

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is commonly characterized by the dilation of the pulmonary artery and enlargement of the right ventricle in radiological studies. These imaging changes reflect the increased pulmonary vascular resistance and the adaptive response of the right ventricle to this pressure load.

Upon further analysis, the radiological features of PAH can vary from mild to severe. In milder cases, there may be only a slight expansion of the main pulmonary artery, while in more advanced stages, more pronounced dilation of the pulmonary artery branches can be observed, and even a 'pruning' sign may appear, indicating a reduction in vascular markings in the peripheral lung fields. Additionally, the right ventricle must work harder to overcome the increased pulmonary vascular resistance, which over time can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation, evident on echocardiograms and chest X-rays. In severe cases, signs of right heart failure may also emerge, such as pleural effusions and hepatic congestion.

For patients suspected of having PAH, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly and undergo a professional evaluation. During the diagnostic process, a comprehensive assessment is necessary, incorporating clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, and results from other diagnostic tests, in addition to radiological studies. Once a diagnosis is confirmed, treatment should be initiated under medical supervision, which may include targeted therapies for the underlying cause and medications to alleviate symptoms. It is crucial not to self-administer medications without guidance, as this could exacerbate the condition.