physical exam hypertension

Discovering high blood pressure during a health check generally indicates that the patient's blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. The norm for blood pressure is a systolic pressure below 120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. A diagnosis of hypertension is typically made based on several blood pressure readings rather than a single instance.

In examining the etiology of hypertension, we can follow a hierarchy from less severe to more severe and from more common to less common causes. Initially, lifestyle factors such as dietary habits (e.g., high sodium and high-fat diets), sedentary behavior, excessive alcohol intake, and smoking are prevalent contributors to high blood pressure. Genetic predisposition also plays a role; individuals with a family history of hypertension are at an increased risk. Additionally, certain chronic conditions like diabetes, kidney diseases, and sleep apnea can lead to elevated blood pressure. Lastly, rarer causes, including endocrine disorders and aortic stenosis, can also result in hypertension.

For patients identified with high blood pressure during a health check, it is crucial to adopt a low-salt, low-fat diet, engage in regular physical activity, abstain from smoking and limit alcohol consumption, and maintain a positive mental state in daily life. Regular blood pressure monitoring is essential, and treatment should be conducted under a physician's supervision. It is imperative not to self-administer medication blindly; instead, follow medical prescriptions and adjust lifestyle and pharmacological treatment plans sensibly.