hypertension physical exam

A hypertension physical examination typically encompasses measuring blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, auscultation of the heart and kidneys, and funduscopic examination. These assessments are crucial for evaluating the severity of hypertension and its effects on other bodily systems.

Blood pressure measurement is fundamental, with normal ranges being a systolic pressure of 90-139 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 60-89 mmHg. Persistent readings above these values may indicate hypertension. Heart rate is another critical parameter, normally ranging from 60 to 100 beats per minute; deviations from this range can be linked to high blood pressure. BMI, a measure of body fat, should fall within the 18.5-24.9 range for a healthy weight; exceeding this can raise the risk of hypertension. Waist circumference is also significant, with a threshold over 90 cm for men and over 80 cm for women potentially signaling an increased risk for hypertension.

Auscultation can detect heart murmurs and renal abnormalities, while funduscopic examination may reveal ocular changes induced by hypertension. These findings aid physicians in assessing the extent of hypertension and its systemic impacts, informing the development of appropriate treatment strategies.

Individuals with hypertension should focus on a low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, and emotional well-being to manage blood pressure. Regular health check-ups, vigilant monitoring of blood pressure fluctuations, adherence to prescribed medication regimens, and avoiding the arbitrary cessation or alteration of medications are essential. Any discomfort should prompt a timely medical consultation.