intracranial hypertension mri findings

MRI findings in intracranial hypertension commonly encompass optic nerve head edema, the empty sella phenomenon, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, brain white matter lesions, and hydrocephalus. These signs may occur in isolation or concurrently, contingent upon the patient's specific illness and its progression.

Optic nerve head edema is among the most frequent MRI findings in intracranial hypertension, characterized by hyperintense regions surrounding the optic nerve head. The empty sella phenomenon indicates radiographic evidence of pituitary gland compression within the sella turcica due to elevated intracranial pressure, manifesting as an enlarged sella and a diminished or absent pituitary gland. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, a more severe complication, is identified by hypointense or signal void areas within the cerebral venous sinuses. Brain white matter lesions, frequently observed in intracranial hypertension, present as hyperintense areas within the white matter, predominantly in the bilateral frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Hydrocephalus, indicative of advanced intracranial hypertension, is characterized by an expanded ventricular system.

Patients with intracranial hypertension should prioritize rest, refrain from vigorous physical activity and overexertion, and maintain a positive mental attitude in their daily lives. Regular MRI follow-ups are essential for the prompt detection of disease progression. Under medical supervision, the use of intracranial pressure-lowering medications such as mannitol and glycerol fructose may be appropriate, but self-administration without guidance is discouraged. Should symptoms like headache, nausea, and vomiting intensify, immediate medical consultation is advised.