hypertension nanda

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure, which poses a significant risk to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health. Hypertension is diagnosed when blood pressure consistently reaches or surpasses 140/90 millimeters of mercury.

The etiology of hypertension is multifaceted, with factors ranging from minor lifestyle issues to severe organ dysfunctions contributing to increased blood pressure. Poor lifestyle habits, such as a diet high in sodium, sedentary behavior, excessive alcohol intake, and smoking, are among the most common causes. Additionally, excess body weight and obesity play a significant role in hypertension, as they increase the heart's workload and consequently raise blood pressure. Age-related vascular stiffening also contributes to elevated blood pressure. Certain endocrine disorders, including hyperthyroidism and adrenal tumors, can lead to abnormal blood pressure. Furthermore, other conditions like kidney diseases and sleep apnea syndrome are closely linked to hypertension.

For individuals with hypertension, lifestyle modifications are fundamental to managing blood pressure. These modifications include reducing sodium intake, engaging in regular physical activity, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and ensuring adequate sleep. Regular blood pressure monitoring and adhering to prescribed medication regimens are also crucial. It is imperative to use antihypertensive medications under a physician's supervision, avoiding any self-adjustment of dosages or discontinuation, to prevent blood pressure fluctuations that could worsen the condition.