hypertension up to date

Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, is characterized by sustained blood pressure levels exceeding the norm within blood vessels. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is comprised of systolic and diastolic components. Normotensive readings are defined as systolic pressure below 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg.

Hypertension is diagnosed when an adult's blood pressure, taken on three separate occasions without antihypertensive medication, consistently reaches or surpasses 140/90 mmHg. The condition is categorized into three levels of severity: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), and Grade 3 (severe) hypertension. Grade 1 hypertension is indicated by readings between 140-159/90-99 mmHg, Grade 2 by 160-179/100-109 mmHg, and Grade 3 by readings of 180/110 mmHg or higher. There is also a variant known as isolated systolic hypertension, where systolic pressure is high while diastolic pressure remains within the normal range, a condition more frequently observed in older adults.

For individuals managing hypertension, lifestyle modifications such as a low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, maintaining an optimal weight, and abstaining from tobacco and limiting alcohol are crucial. Regular blood pressure monitoring and adherence to prescribed medication regimens are imperative. It is essential to avoid self-medicating or altering dosages without consulting a healthcare provider. Should persistent headaches, blurry vision, or chest pain occur, prompt medical evaluation is advised.