hypertension statpearls

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition typically diagnosed when blood pressure consistently exceeds 140 mmHg systolic and/or 90 mmHg diastolic. Diagnosis relies on the average of multiple blood pressure readings taken at different times. Hypertension has various causes, categorized into primary and secondary forms. Primary hypertension, also termed essential hypertension, is the most prevalent, with its etiology linked to genetics, dietary habits, and lifestyle, although the exact causes remain unclear. Secondary hypertension results from other medical conditions such as renal diseases, endocrine disorders, and sleep apnea. Unhealthy lifestyle choices like chronic stress, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can also contribute to elevated blood pressure.

For individuals with hypertension, adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial, including a low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, stress management, and abstaining from smoking and limiting alcohol intake. Regular blood pressure monitoring and adherence to prescribed medication are essential; self-adjustment of medication dosage or discontinuation without medical guidance is discouraged. Any discomfort should prompt a timely medical consultation.