how is portal hypertension measured

The assessment of portal hypertension is typically performed using a variety of medical diagnostic approaches, encompassing both non-invasive imaging techniques and invasive pressure measurements.

Initially, non-invasive imaging methods such as ultrasonography serve as routine initial assessments. These can detect blood flow within the portal venous system and morphological changes in the liver, thereby indirectly indicating alterations in portal pressure. Additionally, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide more detailed visualizations of the liver and portal venous system, aiding physicians in evaluating the severity of the condition. Furthermore, liver fibrosis scanning, a non-invasive method, assesses the degree of portal hypertension by measuring liver stiffness.

In cases where precise pressure values are required, invasive pressure measurement techniques become essential. The most frequently employed method is the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic gradient (HVPG) measurement, an interventional procedure that involves inserting a catheter into the jugular vein to access the hepatic vein and measure the pressure gradient between the hepatic vein and the portal vein. An HVPG value exceeding 5 mmHg is generally accepted as the diagnostic threshold for portal hypertension. Occasionally, gastroscopy is also utilized to inspect the presence of esophageal varices, a significant complication associated with portal hypertension.

In conclusion, the measurement of portal hypertension relies on a spectrum of diagnostic modalities, ranging from non-invasive imaging to invasive pressure assessments. Physicians select the most suitable examination method based on the patient's specific circumstances. If you exhibit symptoms or possess risk factors for portal hypertension, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider promptly and adhere to the recommended examinations and treatment protocols.