renin angiotensin system and hypertension

The renin-angiotensin system plays a pivotal role in the development of hypertension. Typically, its activation can lead to an increase in blood pressure.

Renin, an enzyme released by the kidneys, converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. This is then transformed into angiotensin II by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, causing blood vessels to narrow and thereby increasing peripheral resistance, which results in elevated blood pressure. Moreover, angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, which in turn promotes the kidneys' reabsorption of sodium and water, further augmenting blood volume and contributing to higher blood pressure. Hence, excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system is a significant mechanism in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

For individuals with hypertension, it is important to maintain a low-salt diet, engage in moderate physical activity, and keep a positive mental attitude to avoid undue stress and anxiety. Additionally, it is crucial to use antihypertensive medications responsibly under a physician's supervision, monitor blood pressure regularly, and adjust treatment plans according to medical advice without making arbitrary changes or discontinuations. Should persistent symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, or chest tightness occur, immediate medical consultation is advised.