differential diagnosis of hypertension

The differential diagnosis of hypertension encompasses a spectrum of possibilities, generally categorized into primary and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension, which accounts for over 90% of all hypertension cases, is the most prevalent form, with a complex etiology that may involve genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Secondary hypertension results from other diseases or conditions that elevate blood pressure and is considered after primary hypertension has been ruled out.

Physicians determine the specific type of hypertension by evaluating the patient's medical history, physical examination findings, and necessary diagnostic tests. For primary hypertension, assessments typically include family history, lifestyle habits (diet, exercise, smoking, etc.), and body weight. In the case of secondary hypertension, investigations focus on identifying specific underlying causes that may raise blood pressure, such as renal diseases, endocrine disorders, and cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, other potential contributors to elevated blood pressure, like sleep apnea syndrome and aortic coarctation, should be considered.

Patients with hypertension, whether primary or secondary, should receive standardized treatment under a physician's supervision and monitor their blood pressure regularly. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and abstaining from smoking and limiting alcohol, can aid in blood pressure control and reduce the risk of complications. Patients must adhere to prescribed medication regimens and avoid making unilateral adjustments or discontinuing medication, to ensure effective management of their condition.