hypertensive encephalopathy

Hypertensive encephalopathy is a severe clinical condition characterized by a range of neurological symptoms triggered by a sudden increase in blood pressure. Symptoms may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, altered consciousness, and in extreme cases, seizures and coma. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to prevent permanent neurological impairment.

When examining the symptoms of hypertensive encephalopathy, they can be described in a spectrum from mild to severe and from most to least common. The most frequent symptom is headache, which patients often experience first as a severe throbbing or pressing pain that can be located anywhere. This is followed by nausea and vomiting, which are typically associated with a rapid rise in blood pressure and may represent the body's attempt to protect the brain by reducing intracranial pressure. As the condition worsens, patients may develop blurred vision or double vision due to the impact of elevated blood pressure on retinal blood supply. Further progression may lead to balance disorders and unsteady gait, indicating impairment of cerebellar or brainstem function. In the most severe cases, patients may lapse into a state of confusion or coma, signifying significant damage to the brain's primary functional areas.

To manage hypertensive encephalopathy, it is important to control blood pressure and maintain a healthy lifestyle in daily life, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management. If any of the aforementioned symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is necessary, and treatment should be conducted under a physician's supervision to avoid self-medication or delaying treatment.