pathology of hypertension pdf

The pathophysiology of hypertension encompasses a variety of mechanisms, typically involving increased vascular resistance, elevated cardiac output, and augmented blood volume. These alterations may stem from a confluence of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle influences.

Primarily, increased vascular resistance stands as one of the most prevalent causes of hypertension, potentially resulting from the hardening, narrowing, or inflammation of blood vessel walls. Additionally, an elevated cardiac output can contribute to higher blood pressure, possibly due to myocardial hypertrophy or excessive cardiac workload. Moreover, an increase in blood volume is also a significant factor, potentially triggered by renal dysfunction or fluid retention within the body.

For individuals with hypertension, it is crucial to maintain a low-salt diet, engage in moderate physical activity, and preserve a positive mental state in their daily routines. Concurrently, the judicious use of antihypertensive medications under medical supervision is essential, avoiding self-medication without guidance. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and timely adjustments to the treatment regimen are imperative.