hypertension stat pearls

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure. Often asymptomatic, unmanaged hypertension poses a significant risk for heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Hence, comprehending the diagnostic criteria and management strategies for hypertension is vital for public health.

The diagnosis of hypertension relies on the average of multiple blood pressure readings. Normal blood pressure is categorized as a systolic pressure below 120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. A systolic pressure between 120 and 129 mmHg with a diastolic pressure under 80 mmHg is labeled as elevated normal. Hypertension is diagnosed when systolic pressure reaches 130 mmHg or higher, or diastolic pressure reaches 80 mmHg or higher. Hypertension is classified into two stages: Stage 1 hypertension with systolic pressure ranging from 130 to 139 mmHg or diastolic pressure from 80 to 89 mmHg; Stage 2 hypertension with systolic pressure of at least 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure of at least 90 mmHg. Furthermore, a hypertensive emergency is characterized by a precipitous rise in blood pressure to critical levels, typically with systolic pressure over 180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure over 120 mmHg, potentially accompanied by symptoms indicative of organ damage.

For individuals with hypertension, daily practices should include a low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, avoidance of excessive alcohol and smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight. Regular blood pressure monitoring and adherence to medical treatment are essential for hypertension management. Should symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, or chest pain arise, immediate medical evaluation is necessary to assess for hypertensive emergencies or other complications. In conclusion, through a combination of lifestyle modifications and medical interventions, most individuals with hypertension can effectively manage their condition and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.