icd code 10 hypertension

Hypertension, classified under the ICD-10 coding as hypertension disease, is a prevalent chronic condition typically defined by consistent measurements of systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher in adults without the use of antihypertensive medications. This condition may remain asymptomatic for extended periods, yet persistent hypertension can impose significant strain on vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys, leading to severe complications.

When examining the effects of hypertension, the impact on the heart is a primary concern. Chronic hypertension can result in left ventricular hypertrophy, an adaptive response of the heart to increased resistance. This condition may progress to heart failure. Additionally, hypertension is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease, potentially causing myocardial infarction. Hypertension can also trigger arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, which raises the patient's risk of sudden death.

Beyond the heart, hypertension has neurological implications. The most common complication is stroke, which can be either ischemic or hemorrhagic. Hypertension also accelerates cognitive decline and increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. Regarding the kidneys, hypertension is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Furthermore, hypertension is associated with other complications such as retinopathy and peripheral artery disease.

In daily life, managing blood pressure is crucial. It is advisable to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, moderate alcohol consumption, and weight control. Regular blood pressure monitoring and adherence to prescribed medication regimens are essential, without self-adjustment of medication or dosage. Should symptoms like headaches, dizziness, or chest discomfort arise, prompt medical attention is necessary to assess blood pressure. Overall, proactive management of hypertension can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and other complications, enhancing the quality of life.