secondary hypertension ____________________. select all that apply.

Secondary hypertension can arise from multiple factors, such as kidney diseases, endocrine disorders, sleep apnea syndrome, and aortic stenosis. These conditions may result in elevated blood pressure, leading to secondary hypertension.

Kidney diseases are a prevalent cause of secondary hypertension. The kidneys regulate the body's water and electrolyte balance; impaired kidney function can lead to fluid and sodium retention, increasing blood pressure. Endocrine disorders, including hyperthyroidism and Cushing's syndrome, are also significant contributors to secondary hypertension by causing blood pressure elevations. Sleep apnea syndrome is another common factor, with episodes of breathing cessation during sleep leading to hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention, which in turn raise blood pressure. Aortic stenosis can similarly lead to secondary hypertension by increasing the heart's workload and blood pressure.

Individuals with secondary hypertension should manage their diet by avoiding high-salt, high-fat, and high-sugar foods and maintaining a balanced dietary structure. Regular, appropriate exercise is also recommended to help lower blood pressure. Persistent high blood pressure warrants timely medical consultation and adherence to prescribed treatment regimens; self-medication without guidance is not advisable.