concept map on hypertension

Hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular condition, often defined by persistently elevated pressure within blood vessels during blood flow, surpassing the normal range. Despite the potential lack of noticeable symptoms, unmanaged hypertension over time can escalate the risks of heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke.

Diagnosis of hypertension is primarily based on blood pressure readings. The norm is a systolic pressure below 120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. A blood pressure between 120 and 129 mmHg with a diastolic pressure under 80 mmHg is considered elevated but within the normal range. Hypertension stage 1 is diagnosed when systolic pressure is between 130 and 139 mmHg or diastolic pressure is between 80 and 89 mmHg. Hypertension stage 2 is classified when systolic pressure is 140 mmHg or higher or diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg or higher. There are also specific forms of hypertension, including pregnancy-induced hypertension and secondary hypertension, which is hypertension resulting from other health issues.

For individuals with hypertension, it is crucial to maintain a low-sodium diet, keep a healthy weight, engage in regular physical activity, and abstain from excessive alcohol and tobacco use. Adherence to prescribed medication as directed by a healthcare provider is essential for blood pressure control. It is imperative not to alter medication dosages or discontinue medication without consulting a physician. Should symptoms such as headaches, chest pain, or blurred vision occur, immediate medical attention is advised.